A Positive Psychology Intervention for Caregivers of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors (PATH-C): Initial Testing and Single-Arm Pilot Trial.

Caregivers of patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) play a crucial role in supporting their loved ones through physical, emotional, and practical challenges. This role has been associated with high levels of psychological distress and low levels of positive psychological well-being (PPWB). Positive psychology interventions for caregivers in other disease groups (eg, breast cancer) have been associated with improved outcomes. However, positive psychology interventions that specifically address HSCT caregivers' psychological needs are currently lacking. The goal of this single-arm open-pilot trial was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of the Positive Affect in the Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (PATH) intervention for HSCT Caregivers to identify caregiver preferences to tailor PATH for HSCT caregivers. Adult caregivers of HSCT recipients were eligible for PATH during the HSCT recipient's first 100 d post-transplant. We defined, a priori, feasibility as >60% of participants who start the intervention completing ≥6/9 intervention sessions and acceptability as weekly ratings of ease and utility of the PP exercises ≥7/10 on a 10-point Likert Scale (0 = very difficult/not helpful; 10 = very easy/very helpful). We conducted semistructured qualitative exit interviews (n = 15) to explore HSCT caregivers' perception of PATH's content, benefits of PATH, as well as facilitators and barriers to engaging with the intervention. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using framework-guided rapid analysis by 2 coders. The intervention was feasible with 83% (15/18) of caregivers who started the intervention completing ≥6/9 intervention sessions. Among caregivers who completed ≥6/9 intervention sessions, ratings of ease (mean = 8.1; 95% CI: 7.4, 8.7) and utility (mean = 8.3; 95% CI: 7.8, 8.9) also exceeded our a priori threshold of ≥7/10. Caregivers identified benefits of PATH, including identifying and responding to emotions, dedicating time to self-care, and cultivating important relationships. Sociodemographic factors (eg, being retired) and the manualized structure of PATH were cited as facilitators to intervention engagement. Barriers to PATH engagement included lack of time and competing caregiving responsibilities. Caregivers preferred remote intervention delivery within the first 100 d post HSCT. This is the first study to show a 9-wk, phone-delivered positive psychology intervention is feasible in caregivers of allogeneic HSCT recipients. Our findings also underscore the specific preferences of this population for positive psychology interventions. Larger studies are warranted to establish the efficacy of these interventions in addressing persistent unmet psychological needs for HSCT caregivers.

Compreensão de crianças e pré-adolescentes sobre forças de caráter: um estudo qualitativo / La comprensión de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre las fortalezas de carácter: un estudio cualitativo / Children and pre-adolescents' comprehension of character strengths: a qualitative study

RESUMO. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o conhecimento de crianças e pré-adolescentes em relação aos termos que designam as forças de caráter e compreender como percebem a expressão desses traços nos próprios comportamentos e nos de outras pessoas. Foram entrevistados 17 participantes, de oito a 13 anos (M = 10,6; DP = 1,5). Para cada força foram feitas sete perguntas, que investigavam a definição do termo e exemplos da expressão da força nos outros e nos próprios entrevistados. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise de conteúdo, ao fim gerando categorias para cada força. As forças descritas com maior facilidade pelos participantes e suas respectivas definições foram criatividade (capacidade de criar coisas), curiosidade e amor ao aprendizado (busca de conhecimento e novas experiências), honestidade (falar a verdade), amor (comportamento de dar carinho), bondade (ajudar e cuidar do outro), trabalho em equipe (realização de trabalhos colaborativos em brincadeiras ou atividades escolares), perdão (08 categorias a respeito de sua definição, sem destaque para alguma) e esperança (desejar acontecimento futuro). Esses achados podem tornar mais acessível o desenvolvimento e a avaliação das forças nessa faixa etária.

RESUMEN. Este estudio buscó analizar el conocimiento de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre los términos que fueron designados como fortalezas de carácter, y comprender cómo perciben estos rasgos en sus proprios comportamientos y en los de otras personas. Diecisiete participantes entre ocho y trece años fueron entrevistados (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). Para cada fortaleza, se hicieron siete preguntas, que investigaron la definición del término y ejemplos prácticos de su expresión. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas para el análisis de contenido, creando categorías para cada fortaleza. Las fortalezas descritas por los participantes con mayor facilidad y sus respectivas definiciones fueron: creatividad (capacidad de crear cosas), curiosidad y amor por el aprendizaje (búsqueda de conocimiento y nuevas experiencias), honestidad (decir la verdad), amor (comportamientos afectivos), amabilidad (ayudar y cuidar a los demás), trabajo en equipo (desempeño del trabajo colaborativo en juegos o actividades escolares), perdón (ocho categorías con respecto a su definición, sin énfasis en ninguna) y esperanza (deseo por un evento futuro). Estos hallazgos pueden facilitar el desarrollo y la evaluación de las fortalezas con este grupo de edad.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the children and pre-adolescents' knowledge regarding terms that designate character strengths and to understand how they perceive the expression of these traits in their and other people's behavior. Seventeen participants aged eight to thirteen were interviewed (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). For each strength, seven questions were asked, which investigated the definition and examples of the strength expression. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for content analysis, generating categories for each strength. The strengths most easily described by the participants and their respective definitions were: creativity (ability to create things), curiosity and love for learning (searching for knowledge and new experiences), honesty (speaking the truth), love (acts involving affection), kindness (helping and caring for others), teamwork (collaborative works in games or school activities), forgiveness (eight categories regarding their definition, without highlighting any) and hope (longing for a future event). These findings may make developing and evaluating character strengths in this age group more accessible.

Avaliação de intervenção psicológica positiva para a promoção de saúde de aposentados / Evaluación de intervención psicológica positiva para promoción de la salud de jubilados / Evaluation of a positive psychology intervention for health promotion of retirees

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a intervenção psicológica positiva para promoção de saúde de aposentados, a partir da avaliação dos participantes, no que se refere à satisfação com o programa e com o moderador, clareza/compreensão/aplicação dos conteúdos e manutenção da aplicação ao longo de tempo, com delineamento longitudinal misto e avaliação pré (T1), pós-teste (T2) e seguimento (T3 - 03 meses). Participaram 65 aposentados que responderam ao questionário misto de avaliação do programa. Análises quantitativas indicaram maiores médias para satisfação com o programa e com o moderador; e menor média para tempo de duração do programa. 77,7% participantes em T2 e 87,2% em T3 utilizaram nas suas vidas os conteúdos trabalhados no programa. Foi observada manutenção da aplicação dos conteúdos de empatia, autocuidado, otimismo, gratidão, perdão e autoperdão. Resultados positivos demonstram que este modelo de intervenção para promoção de saúde - com base na psicologia positiva e TCC - apresenta potencial para ser aplicado em contextos de saúde pública e promoção de envelhecimento ativo.

RESUMEN Este estúdio evaluó una intervención psicológica positiva para La promoción de la salud de jubilados, basado em laevaluación de los participantes, encuanto a satisfacción com el programa y com el moderador, claridad/comprensión/aplicación de los contenidos y mantenimiento de La aplicaciónen el tiempo, condiseño longitudinal mixto y evaluación pre (T1), posterior a laprueba (T2) y seguimiento (T3 - tres meses). Participaron 65 jubilados que respondieron los cuestionarios de evaluación del programa. Los análisis cuantitativos indican promedios más altos para satisfacción conel moderador y programa; y más bajo para laduración del programa. 77.7% de los participantes en T2 y 87.2% en T3 usaron en sus vidas los contenidos trabajados em el programa. Se observo mantenimiento de la aplicación de lãs variables empatía, autocuidado, optimismo, gratitud, perdón y autoperdón. Los resultados positivos demuestran que este modelo de intervención presenta potencial de ser aplicado en contextos de salud pública y promoción Del envejecimiento activo.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate a Positive Psychology programme for health promotion of retirees, based on evaluation of participants with regard to levels of satisfaction with the programme/group and with the moderator, comprehension and application of contents and maintenance/long-term application of contents. A mixed longitudinal design, with pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3 - three months) evaluations was used. 65 retirees answered a programme evaluation questionnaire. Quantitative results indicated higher mean rates for satisfaction with the moderator and programme; and lower rates for the programme length/duration. Qualitative analysis indicated that 77.7% of the sample at T2, and 87.2% at T3 reported having used contents of the programme in their lives. Maintenance of application of contents was observed for empathy, self-care, optimism, gratitude, forgiveness and self-forgiveness. Positive outcomes demonstrate this pattern of intervention for health promotion - based on Positive Psychology and CBT - presents the potential to be applied within public health contexts for the promotion of active aging.

Preference for Hedonic Goals in Fibromyalgia; Is It Always an Avoidance Mechanism? Looking the Relationship with Pain Acceptance from a Positive Psychology Perspective.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of openness to experience on pain acceptance through positive affect (PA) considering the moderating role of preference for mood management goals in women with fibromyalgia (FM). A cross-sectional study (n = 231) was carried out. A simple mediation model and a moderate mediation model were conducted by SPSS macro-PROCESS. Results showed that PA mediated positively the effect of openness to experience on acceptance (B = 0.46, SE = 0.80, t = 5,59; 95% CI = [0.3016, 0.6298], p < .001) and that the contribution of openness to experience to PA varied at different values of mood management goals (medium: - .04; ß = .40, p < .001; high: .95; ß = .61, p<.001). Findings may serve as a foundation for tailored interventions to promote activity through acceptance focusing on PA and mood management goals among women with medium to high level of hedonic goals.

Autocompaixão em estudantes universitários: revisão integrativa da literatura / Self-compassion in university students: an integrative literature review / Autocompasión en los estudiantes universitarios: revisión integrativa de la literatura

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a produção científica, em busca de reunir evidências empíricas sobre autocompaixão em estudantes universitários. A revisão integrativa abrangeu artigos publicados no período de 2009 a 2021, indexados nas bases PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Um total de 183 estudos foram encontrados e, após as etapas de triagem, elegibilidade e seleção, foram incluídos 9 artigos, seguindo as diretrizes propostas pelo PRISMA. A análise dos resultados foi categorizada a partir de dois tópicos: (i) intervenções baseadas em autocompaixão para acadêmicos e (ii) a autocompaixão como fator psicológico protetivo à saúde mental de estudantes do ensino superior. Os resultados mostraram que a autocompaixão é considerada um importante fator protetivo para o funcionamento psicológico positivo e ao desenvolvimento de características que reflitam dimensões positivas da saúde mental e do desempenho acadêmico em estudantes universitários. (AU)

The objective of this study was to review the scientific literature in order to gather empirical evidence about self-compassion in college students. The integrative review included articles published from 2009 to 2021, indexed in the PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, available in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. A total of 183 studies were found, and after undergoing the screening, eligibility, and selection steps, 9 articles were included, following the guidelines as established by PRISMA. The analysis of the results was categorized into two main topics: (i) self-compassion-based interventions for academics and (ii) self-compassion as a psychological protective factor for the mental health of higher education students. The results showed that self-compassion is considered an important protective factor for positive psychological functioning and for the development of characteristics that reflect positive dimensions of mental health and academic performance in college students. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar la producción científica, con el propósito de reunir evidencias empíricas sobre la autocompasión en estudiantes universitarios. La revisión integrativa incluyó artículos publicados entre 2009 y 2021, indexados en PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, en portugués, inglés o español. Se encontraron 183 estudios y, tras las fases de cribado, elegibilidad y selección, se incluyeron 9 artículos, siguiendo las pautas propuestas por PRISMA. El análisis de los resultados se categorizó a partir de dos temas: (i) intervenciones basadas en la autocompasión para académicos y (ii) la autocompasión como factor psicológico protector de la salud mental de los estudiantes de educación superior. Los resultados mostraron que la autocompasión se considera un importante factor de protección para el funcionamiento psicológico positivo y el desarrollo de características que reflejan dimensiones positivas de la salud mental y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. (AU)

Evidências de validade e fidedignidade da escala de Gratidão (G-20) / Evidence of validity and reliability of the Gratitude scale (G-20) / Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la escala de Gratitud (G-20)

Este estudo teve como objetivo proporcionar evidências de validade e fidedignidade da Escala de Gratidão (G-20) para a população de adultos brasileiros. Especificamente, verificar a estrutura do questionário através da análise fatorial confirmatória, explorar a consistência interna da escala e as validades de critério concorrente e convergente. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, correlacional com delineamento transversal. A amostra por conveniência está composta por 348 adultos entre 18 e 59 anos das cinco regiões brasileiras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário de dados sociodemográficos, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS e P-DURELL. A escala total demonstrou confiabilidade satisfatória (α = 0,92 e Ω = 0,71) e em todas as dimensões do instrumento. Além disso, a análise do ajustamento dos dados para a estrutura de quatro fatores apontou valor aceitável para uma boa adequação do modelo (RMSEA = 0,068, CFI= 0,956 e TLI= 0,949) e a predominância das correlações entre os instrumentos utilizados no estudo mostrou-se significativas. (AU)

This study aimed to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the Gratitude Scale (G-20) for the Brazilian adult population. Specifically, the study sought to verify the questionnaire's structure using confirmatory factor analysis, explore the scale's internal consistency, and establish concurrent and convergent criteria validities. This was a quantitative, correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The convenience sample comprised 348 adults between 18 and 59 years old from all five Brazilian regions. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS, and P-DURELL. The total scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability (α = 0.92 and Ω = 0.71) across all dimensions of the instrument. Furthermore, analysis of the data adjustment for the four-factor structure showed an acceptable fit for the model (RMSEA = 0.068, CFI = 0.956, and TLI = 0.949) and significant correlations between the instruments were predominantly observed. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proporcionar evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Gratitud (G-20) para la población adulta brasileña. Específicamente, verificar la estructura del cuestionario mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, explorar la consistencia interna del instrumento y la validez de criterios concurrente y convergente. Es un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional con diseño transversal. La muestra por conveniencia está compuesta por 348 adultos entre 18 y 59 años de las cinco regiones brasileñas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS y P-DURELL. La escala total demostró una fiabilidad satisfactoria (α = 0,92 y Ω = 0,71) y en todas dimensiones del instrumento. El análisis del ajuste de datos para la estructura de cuatro factores demostró un valor aceptable para adecuación del modelo (RMSEA = 0.068, CFI = 0.956 y TLI = 0.949) y el predominio de correlaciones entre los instrumentos se demostró significativo. (AU)

Evidence of intervention effectiveness with engaging leaders in hospital physiotherapy / Evidências de efetividade de intervenção com lideranças engajadoras na fisioterapia hospitalar / Evidencia de la eficacia de la intervención con líderes de compromiso en fisioterapia hospitalaria

Evidence-based positive interventions contribute to the promotion of workers' well-being. Accordingly, an intervention was carried out with 11 physiotherapist engaging leaders from a hospital in Porto Alegre to promote their engagement at work as a protection factor. A mixed transformative-sequential study was carried out, consisting of four phases with three stages of assessment. The effectiveness of the intervention was investigated using the Jacobson-Truax Method, evaluating the effects of the intervention on Engagement at Work, Perceived Social Support, Dispositional Hope, Gratitude, and Anxiety. The intervention integrated epistemological assumptions from the Job Demand-Resources Model and the Basic Psychological Needs Theory. The main result was the increased levels of work engagement, which strengthened positive psychological states, and had an anxiety-reducing effect during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides relevant contributions to positive development in mental health protection at work. (AU)

Intervenções positivas baseadas em evidências contribuem para promoção do bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma intervenção com 11 lideranças engajadoras de fisioterapeutas de um hospital de Porto Alegre para promover seu engajamento no trabalho como fator de proteção. Realizou-se estudo misto transformativo-sequencial, composto por quatro fases em três tempos de avaliação. A efetividade da intervenção foi investigada por meio do Método Jacobson-Truax, avaliando os efeitos da intervenção sobre os níveis de Engajamento no Trabalho, Suporte Social Percebido, Esperança Disposicional, Gratidão e Ansiedade. A intervenção integrou pressupostos epistemológicos do Modelo Recursos e Demandas no Trabalho e da Teoria das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas. O principal resultado foi o aumento dos níveis de engajamento no trabalho, que fortaleceu estados psicológicos positivos, e teve efeito na redução dos níveis de ansiedade na pandemia de COVID-19. A pesquisa traz contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento positivo na proteção da saúde mental no trabalho. (AU)

Intervenciones positivas basadas en evidencia contribuyen a promoción del bienestar de los trabajadores. En ese sentido, se realizó una intervención con 11 fisioterapeutas líderes de compromiso de un hospital de Porto Alegre para promover su Engagement en el Trabajo como factor de protección. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto transformativo-secuencial, con cuatro fases y tres etapas de evaluación. Se investigó la efectividad de la intervención mediante el Método de Jacobson-Truax, evaluando los efectos de la intervención sobre los niveles del Engagement en el Trabajo, Apoyo Social Percibido, Esperanza Disposicional, Gratitud y Ansiedad. La intervención integró el Modelo teórico de Demandas y Recursos de Trabajo con la Teoría de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas. Con un resultado de mayores niveles de Engagement en el Trabajo, lo que fortaleció los estados psicológicos positivos y tuvo un efecto reductor de la ansiedad durante la pandemia. Este estudio aporta contribuciones relevantes al desarrollo positivo en la protección de salud mental en trabajo. (AU)

Feasibility of a positive psychology intervention (PATH) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation survivors: Randomized pilot trial design and methods.

BACKGROUND: Although patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience low levels of positive psychological well-being (PPWB), interventions that specifically boost PPWB in this population are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To describe the methods of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a positive psychology intervention (PATH) tailored to the unique needs of HSCT survivors and aimed to decrease anxiety and depression symptoms and boost quality of life (QOL). METHODS: We will conduct a single-institution RCT of a novel nine-week phone-delivered manualized positive psychology intervention compared to usual transplant care in 70 HSCT survivors. Allogeneic HSCT survivors at 100 days post-HSCT are eligible for the study. The PATH intervention, tailored to the needs of HSCT survivors in the acute recovery phase, focuses on gratitude, strengths, and meaning. Our primary aims are to determine feasibility (e.g., session completion, rate of recruitment) and acceptability (e.g., weekly session ratings). Our secondary aim is to test the preliminary efficacy of the intervention on patient-reported outcomes (e.g., anxiety symptoms, QOL). DISCUSSION: If the PATH intervention is feasible, a larger randomized, controlled efficacy trial will be indicated. Additionally, we anticipate that the results from this RCT will guide the development of other clinical trials and larger efficacy studies of positive psychology interventions in vulnerable oncological populations beyond HSCT.

Moderating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's and adolescents' substance use, digital media use, and mental health: A randomized positive psychology addiction prevention program.

OBJECTIVE: Previous research suggests that well-being interventions are effective in moderating substance and digital media use and improving mental health. This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a school-based Positive Psychology Addiction Prevention (PPAP) intervention aimed at reducing substance and digital media use and increasing the mental health of school children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The sample was composed of 1,670 children and adolescents (Mean age = 12.96, SD = 2.01) from six elementary and secondary schools in Israel who were randomly assigned to the PPAP intervention (n = 833) or the waiting-list control conditions (n = 837). A three-year longitudinal repeated-measures randomized control design was used to examine modifications in substance use, digital media use, and psychological symptoms in the intervention and control groups assessed on the pre-test (before the outbreak of COVID-19, September 2019), the post-test (May 2021), and the 12-month follow-up (May 2022). RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use, and cannabis use decreased significantly from the pre- to the follow-up period in the intervention group, and increased significantly in the control group. Daily digital media use increased during the pandemic period in both groups, with a significantly higher increase in the control group. The intervention group reported significantly lower psychological symptoms and negative emotions, and greater positive emotions and life satisfaction after the intervention and at follow-up compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted the lives of children and adolescents. Well-being and addiction prevention interventions may be effective in improving the mental health of school children during pandemics and crisis periods.

Relationships Between Colorectal Cancer Survivors' Positive Psychology, Symptoms, and Quality of Life.

This cross-sectional study examined colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors' symptom and symptom cluster characteristics (occurrence, frequency, and severity), positive psychology (benefit-finding and post-traumatic growth), and quality of life (QoL), and determined whether positive psychology moderates symptoms and QoL relationship during acute cancer survivorship, time from diagnosis to treatment completion. A total of 117 CRC survivors completed demographics, symptoms, QoL, and positive psychology questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and moderation analyses were performed. Participants reported high QoL (94%, M = 5.15) and moderate-high positive psychology (75%, M = 3.21). Nineteen symptoms and five symptom clusters were inversely related to QoL (p < .05). Positive psychology (M = ~≥3.24) moderated the relationship of QoL (p < .05) with symptoms occurrence (n = 10), symptom severity (n = 1), and with the generalized symptom cluster (weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsy, sleep disturbances, and pain). Positive psychology aids in symptom management and improves QoL. Nurses are poised to identify, prevent, promote, and advocate self-management skills to improve health-related outcomes.

Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis

Abstract Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one ofthe purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. Objective The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, selfesteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. Results Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. Conclusion Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.

A psicopatia e o criminoso nato: a modernização do positivismo criminológico / Psychopathy and the born criminal: the modernization of criminological positivism / Psicopatía y el criminal nato: la modernización del positivismo criminológico

O conceito de psicopatia é habitualmente associado a uma psicopatologia caracterizada pela falta de empatia, manipulação, agressividade, impulsividade, egocentrismo, crueldade e criminalidade. Já amplamente aceito pela comunidade científica, o conceito costuma ser utilizado em contextos jurídico-penais na validação de seu funcionamento punitivo. Dentre as concepções que alicerçaram o surgimento histórico desse conceito, destaca-se o papel do criminoso nato de Lombroso. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou evidenciar como o conceito contemporâneo de psicopatia se firma enquanto modernização das concepções lombrosianas acerca do criminoso nato. Para isso, nos apoiamos na psicopatolologia para realizar um estudo comparativo entre as produções de Lombroso e as pesquisas contemporâneas acerca da psicopatia. Dentre as principais similaridades, destacamos a ênfase atribuída à suposta natureza criminal, etiologicamente decorrente de sua configuração orgânica. No mais, tais concepções também se assemelham no destaque de um déficit afetivo e moral, assim como na descrição da tendência a ser canhoto, egoísta, mentiroso, resistente à dor, narcisista, impulsivo, promíscuo, cruel, maléfico e inapto ao trabalho. Assim como fez Lombroso, as pesquisas acerca da psicopatia costumam ser realizadas com sujeitos já previamente criminalizados; condicionando uma seletividade étnico-racial e de classe. Descritos como sujeitos perigosos, incuráveis e intratáveis, ambas as concepções promovem a defesa do acirramento da punição jurídico-penal. Concluímos que a criminalidade nata de Lombroso continua a ser expressa no conceito de psicopatia, visto que as funções jurídico-penais e socioeconômicas de sua definição exercem o mesmo papel na legitimação científica da violência de Estado, encarceramento em massa e racismo estrutural.(AU)

Psychopathy is usually associated with a psychopathology characterized by a lack of empathy, manipulation, aggressiveness, impulsivity, egocentrism, cruelty, and criminality. Widely accepted by the scientific community, this concept is often used in legal and criminal contexts to validate its punitive functioning. Among the conceptions that underpinned the historical emergence of psychopathy, Lombroso's born criminal stands out. Hence, this study analyzes how the contemporary concept of psychopathy updates Lombrosian conceptions about the born criminal. To do so, we rely on psychopathology to conduct a comparative study between Lombroso's work and contemporary research on psychopathy. Among the main similarities, we highlight the emphasis given to the supposed criminal nature, etiologically arising from its organic configuration. Moreover, such conceptions emphasize an affective and moral deficit, and describe a tendency toward left-handedness, selfishness, lying, pain-resistance, narcissism, impulsivity, promiscuousness, cruelty, maliciousness and unfitness for work. As did Lombroso, research on psychopathy is usually conducted with individuals who have already been criminalized, conditioning an ethnic-racial and class selectivity. By describing these subjects as dangerous, incurable and intractable, both conceptions advocate for increased legal and penal punishment. In conclusion, Lombroso's natural criminality continues to underpin the concept of psychopathy, since its legal-criminal and socioeconomic functions play the same role in scientifically legitimizing state violence, mass incarceration, and structural racism.(AU)

La psicopatía es un concepto generalmente asociado a una psicopatología que se caracteriza por la falta de empatía, la manipulación, agresividad, impulsividad, egocentrismo, crueldad y criminalidad. Ya ampliamente aceptado por la comunidad científica, este concepto se utiliza a menudo en contextos legales para validar su funcionamiento punitivo. Entre los conceptos que fundamentaron el surgimiento histórico de este concepto, destaca el papel del criminal nato de Lombroso. En este contexto, este estudio buscó mostrar cómo el concepto contemporáneo de psicopatía se establece como la modernización de las concepciones lombrosianas sobre el criminal nato. Para eso, se utiliza la psicopatología para realizar un estudio comparativo entre las producciones de Lombroso y la investigación contemporánea sobre psicopatía. Entre las principales similitudes, destaca el énfasis atribuido a su supuesta naturaleza criminal, resultado etiológico de su configuración orgánica. Además, estas concepciones también son similares al resaltar un déficit afectivo y moral, así como al describir la tendencia a ser zurdo, egoísta, mentiroso, resistente al dolor, narcisista, impulsivo, promiscuo, cruel, malévolo e inadecuado para el trabajo. Como hizo Lombroso, los estudios sobre psicopatía se suelen realizar con sujetos que ya han sido criminalizados; condicionando una selectividad étnica, racial y de clase. Calificados como sujetos peligrosos, incurables e intratables, ambas concepciones promueven la defensa del aumento de la pena legal. Se concluye que la criminalidad nata de Lombroso continúa expresándose en el concepto de psicopatía, ya que las funciones penales y socioeconómicas de su definición juegan el mismo papel en la legitimación científica de la violencia estatal, encarcelamiento masivo y racismo estructural.(AU)

The effects of short video app-guided loving-kindness meditation on college students' mindfulness, self-compassion, positive psychological capital, and suicide ideation

Abstract Objective The study investigated the effects of a short video app guided loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on college students' mindfulness, self-compassion, positive psychological capital, and suicide ideation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the intervention effect of LKM training on suicidal ideation among college students with the help of the short video application and to provide an empirical basis for the exploration of early suicide intervention strategies for college students. Methods We recruited 80 college students from a university in China. The final 74 eligible participants were divided into two groups: app use group (n = 37) and the control group (n = 37). The app group accepted an 8-week app use interference, while the control group underwent no interference. We measured four major variable factors (mindfulness, self-compassion, positive psychological capital, and suicide ideation) before and after the app use intervention. Results In the app group, self-compassion and positive psychological capital were significantly higher, and suicide ideation was significantly lower than the control group. In the control group, there were no noticeable differences in any of the four variables between the pre-test and post-test. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the short video app guided LKM may help to improve self-compassion, and positive psychological capital, and reduce suicide ideation. The finding of the short video app-guided LKM's effect extends our understanding of the integrative effects of positive psychology and digital media on the reduction of suicide ideation.

Comportamento alimentar de adultos: associação entre forças de caráter, afetos positivos e negativos / Adult eating behavior: association between character strengths, positive and negative affects / Conducta alimentar de adultos: asociación entre fortalezas de carácter, afecciones positivas y negativas

Diversos aspectos psicológicos estão implicados no emagrecimento, incluindo os estilos de comportamentos alimentares: Restrição Cognitiva (RC), Comer Incontrolável (CI) e Comer Emocional (CE). A Psicologia Positiva, por meio da análise de afetos positivos e negativos e das forças de caráter, pode fornecer recursos para um comportamento alimentar saudável. Este estudo analisou os afetos e as forças de caráter em diferentes estilos de comportamento alimentar de adultos que realizaram um programa de emagrecimento. A abordagem foi quantitativa e correlacional, envolvendo 50 participantes. Os instrumentos foram o Questionário sociodemográfico, o Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e a Escala de Forças de Caráter. Os resultados indicam que os participantes que experimentaram menores níveis de afetos negativos apresentaram menos CE e CI, enquanto aqueles com menores níveis de afetos positivos relataram mais episódios de CI. Quanto às forças de caráter, pessoas com mais pensamento crítico, modéstia e autorregulação relataram maior controle sobre suas escolhas alimentares. Além disso, aqueles com mais perseverança, inteligência social, esperança e espiritualidade demonstraram menor incidência de CE. E, aqueles que possuem mais perdão, apreciação do belo e esperança demonstraram menor CI. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de afetos positivos e de algumas forças de caráter podem favorecer comportamentos alimentares mais saudáveis

Several psychological aspects are implicated in weight loss, among them the eating behavior styles: Cognitive Restriction (CR), Uncontrollable Eating (UE), and Emotional Eating (EE). Through positive and negative affect and cha-racter strengths, Positive Psychology can present resources for healthy eating behavior. This study examined the affect and character strengths of adults who undertook a weight loss program in different eating behavior styles. The approach was quantitative and correlational, involving 50 participants. The instruments were: sociodemographic questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affects Scale, and Character Strengths Scale. People who experienced lower levels of adverse affects had less EE and UE, and those with lower levels of positive affects reported more episodes of UE. On the strengths of character, people with more critical thinking, modesty, and self-regulation said greater control over their food choices, and people with more perseverance, social intelligence, hope, and spirituality had a lower incidence of EE. Those with more forgiveness, appreciation of beauty, and hope showed less UE. We concluded that the development of positive affects and some character strengths could favor healthier eating behaviors

Varios aspectos psicológicos están implicados en la pérdida de peso, entre ellos los estilos de comportamiento alimentario: la Restricción Cognitiva (RC), la Alimentación Incontrolable (AI) y la Alimentación Emocional (AE), están implicados en la pérdida de peso. La psicología positiva, a través de los afectos positivos y negativos y las fortalezas de carácter, puede presentar recursos para una conducta alimentaria saludable. Este estudio analizó afecto y las fortalezas del carácter en diferentes estilos de conducta alimentaria de adultos que emprendieron un programa de adelgazamiento. El enfoque fue cuantitativo y correlacional, con 50 participantes. Los instrumentos fueron: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Cuestionario de Tres Factores Alimentarios, Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos y Escala de Fortalezas de Carácter. Aquellos que experimentaron niveles más bajos de afectos negativos tuvieron menos AE e AI y aquellos con niveles más bajos de afectos positivos informaron más episodios de AI. En cuanto a las fortalezas de carácter, las personas con pensamiento más crítico, modestia y autorregulación reportaron mayor control sobre sus elecciones alimentarias, las personas con más perseverancia, inteligencia social, esperanza y espiritualidad presentaron menor incidencia de AE. Aquellos que tienen más perdón, aprecio por la belleza y esperanza mostraron menos AI. Se concluye que el desarrollo de afectos positivos y algunas fortalezas del carácter puede favorecer conductas alimentarias más saludables

Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 (G-20): evidências psicométricas e parâmetros de seus itens no Brasil / Gratitude Questionnaire-20 (G-20): psychometric evidences and parameters of their items in Brazil / Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 (G-20): evidencias psicométricas y parámetros de sus ítems en Brasil

Objetivou-se explorar os parâmetros psicométricos do Cuestionario de Gratitud por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), utilizando o Modelo de Resposta Graduada. Para tanto, participaram 533 respondentes (M idade = 29,9), a maioria mulheres (67,7%). Inicialmente, checou-se a dimensionalidade da escala, que apoiou uma estrutura quadrifatorial (CFI = 0,99; TLI = 0,99). Os parâmetros dos itens foram realizados separadamente para cada fator, e os resultados indicaram que todos os itens discriminam adequadamente os participantes. Os itens do fator Reconhecimento de Dons exigiram uma maior quantidade de theta para serem completamente endossados e o fator Gratidão Interpessoal demandou menor quantidade de theta para ser a opção de reposta, talvez por ser melhor aceito socialmente. Estima-se que os objetivos do estudo foram alcançados, conhecendo evidências psicométricas de uma medida que avalia a gratidão numa perspectiva mais integradora, recomendando-se o seu uso em possibilidades futuras. (AU)

The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric parameters of the Gratitude Questionnaire through the Item Response Theory (IRT), using the Graduated Response Model. Therefore, 533 respondents participated (Mage = 29.9), mostly women (67.7%). At the beginning, we checked the dimensionality of the scale, which supported a quadratic structure (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99). The parameters of the items were performed separately for each factor, and the results indicated that all items adequately discriminate participants. The items of the Gift Recognition factor required a greater amount of theta to be fully endorsed and the Interpersonal Gratitude factor required less amount of theta to be the answer option, perhaps because it is better accepted socially. It is estimated that the objectives of the study were reached, knowing psychometric evidence of a measure that evaluates gratitude in a more inclusive perspective, recommending its use in future possibilities. (AU)

Se objetivó conocer los parámetros psicométricos del Cuestionario de Gratitud por medio de la Teoría de Respuesta al Item (TRI), utilizando el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada. Participaron 533 sujetos (M edad = 29,9), la mayoría mujeres (67,7%). Inicialmente, se verificó las dimensiones de la escala, que apoyó una estructura cuadrifatorial (CFI = 0,99; TLI = 0,99). Los parámetros de los ítems fueron realizados separadamente para cada factor, y los resultados indicaron que los ítems discriminan adecuadamente a los participantes. Los elementos del factor Reconocimiento de Dons requirieron una mayor cantidad de theta para ser completamente endosados y el factor Gratitud Interpersonal demandó menor cantidad de theta para ser la opción de respuesta, tal vez por ser mejor aceptado socialmente. Se estima que los objetivos del estudio se alcanzaron, conociendo evidencias psicométricas de una medida que evalúa la gratitud en una perspectiva más integradora, recomendándose su uso en posibilidades futuras. (AU)

Positive mental health of undergraduate nursing students: scoping review / Saúde mental positiva do estudante de graduação em enfermagem: revisão de escopo

Objective: Aimed to map the constructs used in articles to discuss the mental health of undergraduate nursing students in a positive perspective. Methods: A scoping review was carried out with a search in the electronic databases: Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, in April 2020, which allowed retrieval of 286 articles. Data selection and extraction was performed in a double check by the group investigators and were assessed using the continuous data comparison technique. Results: We selected 53 articles that allowed detecting a set of 13 constructs associated with positive mental health that are continuously investigated by this audience. Conclusion: It was found that the mental health of undergraduate nursing students is a supportive set of characteristics conditioned to the inter-retroactive circuit, in which each component retroacts on each part of a set of strengths, fostering a dynamic state of internal balance.

Objetivo: Mapear os constructos utilizados em artigos para discutir a saúde mental dos estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem numa perspectiva positiva. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, em abril de 2020, que retornou 286 artigos. A seleção e extração dos dados ocorreu em dupla checagem por pesquisadores do grupo e analisados segundo a técnica de comparação constante. Resultados: Selecionou-se 53 artigos que permitiram levantar um conjunto de 13 constructos relacionados à saúde mental positiva que são constantemente investigados entre esse público. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a saúde mental do estudante de graduação em enfermagem é um conjunto solidário de características condicionado ao circuito de inter-retroações, no qual cada componente retroage sobre cada parte de um conjunto de fortalezas, fomentando um estado dinâmico de equilíbrio interno.

Adaptation and validation of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale in the Ecuadorian context

Abstract This study aimed to evidence the validity and reliability ofthe Ecuadorian version ofthe Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, one of the most studied concepts of positive psychology. The adaptation process included translation and semantic and idiomatic validation. For content validation, an expert review and focus group were conducted. The questionnaire was applied to 2423 workers in Ecuador with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.04), and 65.6% were women. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the scale's dimensionality. The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were also evaluated. In order to investigate the best solution for an Ecuadorian version ofthe Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, four structural models were assessed. The unidimensional solution was the most adequate structure for the scale. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) was developed to assess this positive psychological state and has been the most used tool in many contexts. To our knowledge, this study is the first to adapt the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale into the Ecuadorian context and evaluate its validity. The findings support its reliability, factorial, and construct validity in the Ecuadorian context. Furthermore, the results show that dispositional hope acts as a protective factor, promoting work engagement and preventing burnout.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale in a Brazilian professional sample

Abstract Persistence involves the intention to maintain efforts when faced with obstacles and challenges, in order to achieve a specific goal. The Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale (RFPS) is a self-report measure that assesses persistence that is theoretically derived from the premises of the Dualistic Model of Passion. The aim of the present research was to adapt the RFPS to Brazilian Portuguese and to estimate its evidence of validity and reliability in the context of work. Participants were 400 professionals, 55.8% women, aged between 18 and 68 years. The results indicate that the RFPS presented validity evidence based on the content. Corresponding to the theoretical expectations, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated adequacy of the structure composed of two factors, explaining 75% of the data variance, with good levels of reliability. The RFPS also revealed strong invariance across gender and work conditions (in-person vs remote). Flexible persistence showed positive association with harmonious passion and occupational self-efficacy. Conversely, rigid persistence showed positive association with obsessive passion. It was observed a mediational role of occupational self-efficacy in the relationship between harmonious passion and flexible persistence. Overall, the findings suggest that the RFPS is an adequate measure of persistence in a Brazilian occupational sample.

Character Strengths Scale-Brief: initial psychometric studies / Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve: estudos psicométricos iniciais

Objective Character strengths are positive human characteristics that indicate a happy and successful life. The objective was to select items for the Character Strengths Scale-Brief instrument and to identify its psychometric properties. Method Exploratory factor analysis and qualitative analysis of the items (Study 1) were performed in a database of 4,540 people who responded to the Character Strengths Scale (71 items). In Study 2, 1,014 participants responded to the Character Strengths Scale-Brief (48 items). Results The psychometric indices identified in the confirmatory factor analyses were unsatisfactory for the instrument when considering structures previously reported in the literature. Conclusion After successive analyses, the structure of two factors of first order was considered the most adequate for the Character Strengths Scale-Brief (18 items), with better fit indexes and theoretical relevance. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.

Objetivo: Forças de caráter são características humanas positivas que indicam uma vida feliz e bem-sucedida. Neste artigo, objetivou-se selecionar itens para elaborar a Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve e identificar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Método: Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias e qualitativas dos itens (Estudo 1) a partir informações coletadas em um banco de dados composto por 4.540 registros de respostas à Escala de Forças de Caráter (71 itens). No Estudo 2, 1.014 participantes responderam à Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve (48 itens). Resultados: Os índices psicométricos identificados nas análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram insatisfatórios para o instrumento quando consideradas as estruturas relatadas anteriormente na literatura. Conclusão: Após sucessivas análises, a estrutura de dois fatores de primeira ordem foi considerada a mais adequada para a Escala de Forças de Caráter-Breve (18 itens), com melhores índices de ajuste e pertinência teórica. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura.

Bem-estar no trabalho: influência das condições para criatividade entre psicólogos dos Creas-MG / Well-being at work: influence of creativity conditions among CREAS-MG psychologists / Bienestar en el trabajo: influencia de las condiciones para la creatividad entre psicólogos de los centros de referencia especializados en asistencia social en Minas Gerais (CREAS-MG)

Trata-se de estudo quantitativo correlacional com objetivo de testar um modelo em que Bem-Estar no Trabalho (BET) é explicado pelas Condições Favoráveis e Desfavoráveis para a Criatividade no Ambiente de Trabalho de psicólogos que trabalham nos Centros de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social de Minas Gerais. Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, contatos dos centros foram localizados via arquivo público digital. O convite foi enviado por e-mail com o link de acesso ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; Questionário com Dados Demográficos e Funcionais; Escala de Bem-estar no Trabalho; e Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Ambiente de Trabalho. A medida de BET contempla Afeto Positivo, Afeto Negativo e Realização Pessoal e Profissional; enquanto há seis Condições Favoráveis e três Desfavoráveis à Criatividade no Trabalho. As escalas multidimensionais apresentam evidências de validade e resposta Likert de cinco pontos. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, regressão múltipla padrão para teste do modelo e Alfa de Cronbach para verificação da fidedignidade das escalas. A amostra de conveniência contou com 145 psicólogos, majoritariamente mulheres (n=125), com pós-graduação lato senso (n=102) e vínculo estatutário (n=74). As maiores médias encontradas foram Realização Pessoal e Profissional (M=3.47; DP=0.65), Atividades Desafiantes (M=3.50; DP=0.68), e Excesso de Serviços e Escassez de Tempo (M=3.51; DP=0.85). Os resultados apontam que as Condições para a Criatividade no Trabalho contribuem significativamente para as três dimensões de BET, demonstrando a importância de promover um contexto propício à criatividade e ao bem-estar dos trabalhadores.(AU)

This is a quantitative correlational study aiming to test a model in which Well-Being at Work (WBW) is explained by the Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions for Creativity in the Work Environment of psychologists who work in the Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance in Minas Gerais (CREAS-MG). After approval by the Ethics Committee, contacts of the centers were located via public digital file. The invitation was sent by e-mail with the link to access the Informed Consent Form; Questionnaire with Demographic and Functional Data; Workplace Well-Being Scale; and Indicators of Conditions for Creating in the Workplace. The WBW measures Positive Affection, Negative Affection, and Personal and Professional Fulfillment; alongside six Favorable Conditions and three Unfavorable Conditions for Creativity at Work. Multidimensional scales provide evidence of validity and a five-point Likert response. Data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics, standard multiple regression to test the model and Cronbach's Alpha to verify the reliability of the scales. The convenience sample consisted of 145 psychologists, mostly women (n=125), with lato sensu post-graduation (n=102), and statutory employment (n=74). The highest means are Personal and Professional Fullfilment (M=3.47; SD=0.65), Challenging Activities (M=3.50; SD=0.68), and Excessive Services and Shortage of Time (M=3.51; SD=0.85). The results indicate that the Conditions for Creativity at Work significantly contribute to the three dimensions of WBW and demonstrate the importance of promoting a context conducive to creativity and well-being of workers.(AU)

Este estudio cuantitativo correlacional tuvo el objetivo de probar un modelo en el que el bienestar en el trabajo (BET) se explica por las condiciones favorables y desfavorables para la creatividad en el ambiente laboral de los psicólogos que laboran en los Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social en Minas Gerais. Tras la aprobación del Comité de Ética, se buscaron los contactos de estos centros en un archivo digital público. La invitación enviada por correo electrónico contenía el enlace para acceder al Formulario de Consentimiento Informado, al Cuestionario con Datos Demográficos y Funcionales, a la Escala de Bienestar Laboral y a los Indicadores de Condiciones para la Creación en el Lugar de Trabajo. La medida BET incluye afecto positivo, afecto negativo y realización personal y profesional; mientras que la otra medida cubre seis condiciones favorables y tres condiciones desfavorables para la creatividad en el trabajo. Las escalas multidimensionales proporcionan evidencia de validez y una respuesta Likert de cinco puntos. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, regresión múltiple estándar para probar el modelo y Alfa de Cronbach para verificar la confiabilidad de las escalas. La muestra de conveniencia consistió en 145 trabajadores, en su mayoría mujeres (n=125), con posgrado lato sensu (n=102) y empleo estatutario (n=74). Los promedios más altos son el logro personal y profesional (M=3,47; DE=0,65), las actividades desafiantes (M=3,50; DE=0,68), el exceso de servicios y la escasez de tiempo (M=3,51; DE=0,85). Los resultados indican que las condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo contribuyen significativamente a las tres dimensiones de BET y demuestran la importancia de promover un contexto propicio para la creatividad y el bienestar de los trabajadores.(AU)